Qadr of Allah (swa) - Destiny/ Fate in Islam
Allah the Almighty said: "And whosoever believes in Allah, He guides his heart [to the true Faith with certainty i.e. what has befallen him was already written for him by Allah from the Qadar (Divine Preordainment)] and Allah is the All-Knower of everything." (64:11) Anas (May Allah be pleased with him) narrated that Allah's Messenger (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) said: "Whenever Allah wills good for His slave, He hastens to punish him in this life; and when He wills evil for His slave, He withholds punishing him for his sins until he comes before Him on the Day of Judgement;
Important Notes:
(a) Al-Qadr consists of four levels: (i) Allah's Knowledge of events before they take place; (ii) His having written them before the creation of all things; (iii) His irresistable Will, which none in creation can evade, nor can they evade His Deeds (iv) His creation of all things, in which He has no partners - and all besides Him is created.
(b) The Prophet (saas ) said, in the above-mentioned Hadith that faith is to believe in His Qadr, both the good and the bad of it, while in another Hadith, he said: "...and evil is not from You." There is no contradiction here, for what is meant by the latter Hadith is that, while Allah (swt ) created evil and ordained it, He does not do evil. It may be said that when Allah (swt ) ordains evil for a person, it is only evil from the point of view of that person, for it is an affliction sent to him because of some sins he has committed; however, in Allah's Sight, it is not an evil, for it represents Allah's Wisdom, Justice and Knowledge.
It is reported on the authority of `Ubadah Ibn As-Samit (ra ) that he said to his son: "Oh, son! You will never taste true faith until you know that whatever afflicts you would not have missed you, and whatever has missed you would never have come to you. I heard the Messenger of Allah (saas ) say: "The first thing Allah (swt ) created was the pen; He commanded it to write. It said: "My Rabb! What shall I write?" He said: "Write down what has been ordained for all things until the establishment of the Hour." Oh, my son! I heard Allah's Messenger (saas ) say: "Whoever dies believing something other than this does not belong to me." In another narration by Imam Ahmad, it was reported: "Verily, the first thing which Allah (swt ), Most High, created was the pen, and He said to it: "Write;" and in that very hour all what was to occur (was written) up to the Day of Resurrection." In another version from Ibn Wahab, it was said: "Allah's Messenger (saas ) said: "Whoever disbelieved in Al-Qadr, the good and the bad of it, will be burnt in the Hell-fire."
In this Hadith, `Ubadah Ibn As-Samit (ra ) advised his son that faith has a taste and that none shall savour it except one who believes in Allah's Qadhaa` (Decision) and His Qadr, the good and the bad of it. As proof, he cited the Hadith of the Prophet (saas ) in which he informed us that Allah commanded the pen to write the destiny of all things up to the Day of Resurrection and that whoever died without believing in Allah's Qadaa` and His Qadr would be outside the fold of Islam and that his eternal abode would be the Hell-fire where he would burn forever - a wretched end.
Benefits Derived From This Hadith
1. The lawfulness of a father advising and teaching his sons.
2. The precise understanding of the Companions of matters pertaining to Allah's Qadr and their Faith in it.
3. That the first of all created things was the pen.
4. Confirmation of Allah's Divine Attribute of Speech, in a manner befitting His Majesty.
5. That whoever rejected Allah's Qadr is a disbeliever.
6. That it is the last acts in a person's life which are important.
7. Confirmation of Allah's Promise of punishment for those who deny His Qadr.
That the Hadith proves that whoever rejected Allah's Qadr is a disbeliever.
What Has Been Said About Those Who Deny Allah's Qadr:
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